Alanine |
Immunity |
d-Alanine, a circadian metabolite that regulates glucose metabolism and viral infection |
Alzheimer's |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Arginine |
Microvascular protection |
L-Arginine and Taurisolo(®) Effects on Brain Hypoperfusion-Reperfusion Damage in Hypertensive Rats |
Heart failure |
Dietary strategies and nutritional supplements in the management of heart failure: a systematic review |
Amyloidosis |
Arginine: A potential prophylactic supplement for transthyretin amyloidosis |
Preeclampsia |
Efficacy of L-Arginine for Preventing Preeclampsia and Improving Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders |
L-arginine mitigates cardiac lipid and glucose accumulation through leptin modulation and enhancement of PIK3 activities in high fat-fed male Wistar rats |
Immunnutrition |
Immunonutrition in Acute Geriatric Care: Clinical Outcomes, Inflammatory Profiles, and Immune Responses |
Cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome |
Protective Effects of the Food Supplement Flexovital in a Model of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Mice |
Athletic performance |
Investigation of the effect of nitrate and L-arginine intake on aerobic, anaerobic performance, balance, agility, and recovery in elite taekwondo athletes |
Liver protection |
Arginine Metabolism Reprogramming in Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)-Induced Liver Injury |
Improved athletic performance |
Effects of Different Dietary Supplements on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis |
Outcomes after cardiac surgery |
Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial |
Outcomes after esophageal cancer surgery |
HMB/Arg/Gln may improve short-term outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer |
Immunnutrition |
Targeted nutritional strategies in postoperative care |
Preeclampsia |
L-Arginine and L-Citrulline for Prevention and Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
Glucose metabolism, polycystic ovarian disease |
Improved insulin sensitivity and reproductive profile in overweight/obese PCOS patients undergoing integrative treatment with carnitines, L-arginine, L-cysteine and myo-inositol |
Disease treatment |
Arginine: at the crossroads of nitrogen metabolism |
Preeclampsia |
Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia |
Improved athletic performance |
Effects of different dietary supplements on athletic performance in soccer players: a systematic review and network meta-analysis |
Metabolic syndrome |
L-arginine ameliorates hypertension and cardiac mitochondrial abnormalities but not cardiac injury in male metabolic syndrome rats |
Preeclampsia |
Secondary prevention of preeclampsia |
Recovery after blood donation |
L-Arginine and Nitric Oxide in Vascular Regulation-Experimental Findings in the Context of Blood Donation |
Athletic performance |
The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review |
Sickle cell anemia |
The effects of nutritional supplementation for children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: A systematic review and meta-analyses |
Immunnutrition |
The Impact of Immunomodulatory Components Used in Clinical Nutrition-A Narrative Review |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF L-ARGININE ON QUADRICEPS STRENGTH IN SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS: A NON-RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL |
Military performance in cold conditions |
Exploring the role of nutritional strategies to influence physiological and cognitive mechanisms in cold weather operations in military personnel |
High blood pressure |
Transforming Growth Factor-β-mediated attenuation of cardio-renal oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis by L-arginine in fludrocortisone acetate induced-hypertensive rats |
Tuberculosis |
Arginine as host directed therapy in tuberculosis: insights from modulating arginine metabolism by supplementation and arginase inhibition |
Heat stress |
Improvement in Heat Stress-Induced Damage to Sperm Quality Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation from L-Arginine-Treated Mice |
Alzheimer's |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA) |
Muscle recovery |
Sex-Based Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Strength Training Performance and Body Composition |
Metabolic syndrome |
Intake of dietary branched-chain amino acids reduces odds of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study on the PERSIAN Kavar cohort study |
BCAA metabolism |
Brown Fat and Metabolic Health: The Diverse Functions of Dietary Components |
Diabetic cardiomyopathy |
Branched-chain amino acids deficiency promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating autophagy of cardiac fibroblasts |
Improved athletic performance |
The Effect of Ingesting Alginate-Encapsulated Carbohydrates and Branched-Chain Amino Acids During Exercise on Performance, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Dental Health in Athletes |
Liver cirrhosis sarcopenia |
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplements for Sarcopenia in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis |
Athletic performance |
The effect of acute branched-chain amino acids ingestion on rate of force development in different time intervals: a controlled crossover study |
Rehabilitation |
Effects of Nutritional Support with a Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation |
Athletic performance |
The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review |
Diabetic sarcopenia A |
Nutritional Approach to Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review |
Isoleucine |
Muscle recovery |
Sex-Based Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Strength Training Performance and Body Composition |
Metabolic syndrome |
Intake of dietary branched-chain amino acids reduces odds of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study on the PERSIAN Kavar cohort study |
BCAA metabolism |
Brown Fat and Metabolic Health: The Diverse Functions of Dietary Components |
Diabetic cardiomyopathy |
Branched-chain amino acids deficiency promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating autophagy of cardiac fibroblasts |
Improved athletic performance |
The Effect of Ingesting Alginate-Encapsulated Carbohydrates and Branched-Chain Amino Acids During Exercise on Performance, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Dental Health in Athletes |
Muscle strength |
The effect of acute branched-chain amino acids ingestion on rate of force development in different time intervals: a controlled crossover study |
Rehabilitation |
Effects of Nutritional Support with a Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation |
Athletic performance |
The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review |
Diabetic sarcopenia |
Nutritional Approach to Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review |
Alzheimer's |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Leucine |
Muscle recovery |
Sex-Based Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Strength Training Performance and Body Composition |
Sarcopenia |
Emerging Targets and Treatments for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review |
Sarcopenia |
Nutritional strategies for improving sarcopenia outcomes in older adults: A narrative review |
Acute sarcopenia |
Acute Sarcopenia: Mechanisms and Management |
Metabolic syndrome |
Intake of dietary branched-chain amino acids reduces odds of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study on the PERSIAN Kavar cohort study |
BCAA metabolism |
Brown Fat and Metabolic Health: The Diverse Functions of Dietary Components |
Lean body mass |
The Relationship Between Dance Training Volume, Body Composition, and Habitual Diet in Female Collegiate Dancers: The Intercollegiate Artistic Athlete Research Assessment (TIAARA) Study |
Promotes anabolism |
Pea and soy fortified with leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis comparable to whey in a murine ageing model |
Diabetic cardiomyopathy |
Branched-chain amino acids deficiency promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating autophagy of cardiac fibroblasts |
Improved athletic performance |
The Effect of Ingesting Alginate-Encapsulated Carbohydrates and Branched-Chain Amino Acids During Exercise on Performance, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Dental Health in Athletes |
Muscle strength |
The effect of acute branched-chain amino acids ingestion on rate of force development in different time intervals: a controlled crossover study |
Rehabilitation |
Effects of Nutritional Support with a Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation |
Sarcopenia |
Associations of nutritional intake and inflammatory factors with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study |
Athletic performance |
Unraveling the transcriptomic effects of leucine supplementation on muscle growth and performance in basketball athletes |
Athletic performance |
The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review |
Diabetic sarcopenia |
Nutritional Approach to Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review |
Valine |
Muscle recovery |
Sex-Based Effects of Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Strength Training Performance and Body Composition |
Metabolic syndrome |
Intake of dietary branched-chain amino acids reduces odds of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study on the PERSIAN Kavar cohort study |
BCAA metabolism |
Brown Fat and Metabolic Health: The Diverse Functions of Dietary Components |
MASLD |
Low-dose Valine Attenuates Diet-induced Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in Mice by Enhancing Leptin Sensitivity and Modulating the Gut Microbiome |
Diabetic cardiomyopathy |
Branched-chain amino acids deficiency promotes diabetic cardiomyopathy by activating autophagy of cardiac fibroblasts |
Improved athletic performance |
The Effect of Ingesting Alginate-Encapsulated Carbohydrates and Branched-Chain Amino Acids During Exercise on Performance, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Dental Health in Athletes |
Muscle strength |
The effect of acute branched-chain amino acids ingestion on rate of force development in different time intervals: a controlled crossover study |
Rehabilitation |
Effects of Nutritional Support with a Leucine-Enriched Essential Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition, Muscle Strength, and Physical Function in Stroke Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation |
Athletic performance |
The efficacy of dietary supplements on health status and performance of football players: a systematic review |
Diabetic sarcopenia |
Nutritional Approach to Diabetic Sarcopenia: A Comprehensive Review |
Citrulline |
Cardio-renal-metabolic (CKM) syndrome |
Protective Effects of the Food Supplement Flexovital in a Model of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome in Mice |
Erectile dysfunction |
Nutraceutical and low energy shockwave treatments improved sexual function recovery in a rat pelvic neurovascular injury model |
Testicular torsion |
The Protective Effects of Citrulline on Testicular Injury Induced by Torsion and Detorsion in Adult Male Rats: An Experimental Study |
Improved athletic performance |
Effects of Different Dietary Supplements on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis |
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) |
Impact of L-Citrulline Supplementation and HIIT on Lipid Profile, Arterial Stiffness, and Fat Mass in Obese Adolescents with Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial |
Clostridioides difficile infection |
Citrulline inhibits Clostridioides difficile infection with anti-inflammatory effects |
peripheral arterial disease |
Nutritional L-Citrulline and Tetrahydrobiopterin in Peripheral Artery Disease: A Phase II Randomized Trial (CIPER Study) |
improvement of athletic performance |
Effects of Combined Versus Single Supplementation of Creatine, Beta-Alanine, and L-Citrulline During Short Sprint Interval Training on Basketball Players' Performance: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial |
aging control |
Citrulline regulates macrophage metabolism and inflammation to counter aging in mice |
testicular protection |
L-Citrulline Alleviates Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Modulating eNOS/iNOS Induced Nitric Oxide Production, Inflammation, and Apoptosis |
military performance in cold |
Exploring the role of nutritional strategies to influence physiological and cognitive mechanisms in cold weather operations in military personnel |
Cysteine |
neuroprotection |
L-Cysteine mitigates ROS-induced apoptosis and neurocognitive deficits by protecting against endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in mouse neuronal cells |
extension of survival |
The impact of cysteine on lifespan in three model organisms: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
reproductive dysfunction |
Protective Effects of L-Cysteine Against Cisplatin-Induced Oxidative Stress-Mediated Reproductive Damage |
inflammation suppression |
Effects of vitamin D and L-cysteine cosupplementation on circulating bioavailable and total 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, the free/total testosterone ratio and inflammatory biomarkers in healthy vitamin D-deficient African Americans: a placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial |
intestinal damage repair |
Dietary cysteine enhances intestinal stemness via CD8 (+) T cell-derived IL-22 |
Glucose metabolism, cystic ovarian disease |
Improved insulin sensitivity and reproductive profile in overweight/obese PCOS patients undergoing integrative treatment with carnitines, L-arginine, L-cysteine and myo-inositol |
Skin aging, atopic dermatitis |
A Mixture of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, Decursin, and l-Cysteine Lowered Senescence-Associated Markers In Vitro and Was Effective Against 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis In Vivo: An Application of Network Pharmacology |
Cystine |
Spatial cognitive impairment |
Adolescent social isolation decreases colonic goblet cells and impairs spatial cognition through the reduction of cystine |
Cancer-related sarcopenia |
Effects of Antioxidant Amino Acids on Cancer Sarcopenia |
Alopecia |
Oral Supplementation with l-Cystine, Serenoa repens, Cucurbita pepo, and Pygeum africanum in Chronic Telogen Effluvium and Androgenetic Alopecia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Study |
γ-Aminobuthylic Acid (GABA) |
Inflammation-induced intestinal disorders |
Evaluation of the beneficial effects of a GABA-based product containing Melissa officinalis on post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome: a preclinical study |
Sarcopenia |
GABA Prevents Sarcopenia by Regulation of Muscle Protein Degradation and Inflammaging in 23- to 25-Month-Old Female Mice |
Cognitive and psychological functions |
Comparison of the effects of two amino acids, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-theanine, on sedation, anxiety, and cognition in preoperative surgical patients - A randomized controlled study |
Wolfram syndrome (a genetic disease characterized by diabetes and optic atrophy) |
GABA and GLP-1 receptor agonist combination therapy modifies diabetes and Langerhans islet cytoarchitecture in a rat model of Wolfram syndrome |
Diabetes |
Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) as an Inhibitory Neurotransmitter in Diabetes Management: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications |
Glutamine |
Sickle cell anemia |
Advancing life: innovative approaches to enhance survival in sickle cell anemia patients |
Atopic dermatitis |
Dietary glutamine supplementation improves both Th1 and Th17 responses via CARD11-mTORC1 pathway in murine model of atopic dermatitis |
Gastrointestinal permeability |
A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of glutamine supplementation on gut permeability in adults |
Nutrition in burn patients, Nutritional intervention |
Nutritional interventions in patients with burn injury: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials |
Heat stroke |
Glutamine Supplementation: A Possible Strategy to Help Mitigate Health Risks of Heat-Related Illness |
Support for rectal cancer treatment |
Impact of a glutamine-enriched peptide formula on gastrointestinal toxicity and on the interruption of oncologic treatment in patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum |
Obesity |
Liver lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in glutamine-supplemented ob/ob mice |
Cancer treatment |
Glutamine and cancer: metabolism, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic targets |
Outcomes after cardiac surgery |
Effects of preoperative beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and glutamine supplementation on cardiac surgery: A randomized controlled trial |
Outcomes after esophageal cancer surgery |
HMB/Arg/Gln may improve short-term outcomes after esophagectomy in patients with thoracic esophageal cancer |
Immunonutrition |
Targeted nutritional strategies in postoperative care |
Osteoarthritis |
The comparative efficacy of L-glutamine, celecoxib, and glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis management |
Stroke |
Dietary amino acids and risk of stroke subtypes: Results from three large prospective cohort studies |
Immunonutrition |
The Impact of Immunomodulatory Components Used in Clinical Nutrition-A Narrative Review |
Glycine |
Diabetic lung injury |
Therapeutic Potential of N-acetylcysteine and Glycine in Reducing Pulmonary Injury in Diabetic Rats |
Glucose Lipid metabolism |
The Effectiveness and Safety of a Nutraceutical Combination in Overweight Patients with Metabolic Syndrome |
Cardiovascular disease |
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women |
Alzheimer's |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Histidine |
Retinal disease |
Therapeutic Effects of Taurine and Histidine Supplementation in Retinal Diseases |
Sarcopenia |
Associations of nutritional intake and inflammatory factors with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study |
Alzheimer's disease |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Lysine |
Alzheimer's disease |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Ornithine |
Stress |
Effects of Oral Ingestion of L-Ornithine on Mental Stress and Fatigue Based on the Trier Social Stress Test in Healthy Humans: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Trial |
Theanine |
Diabetic testicular damage |
Effects of sitagliptin and L-theanine combination therapy on testicular tissue in rats with experimental diabetes |
Acute alcoholic liver damage |
Protective Effect and Mechanism of L-Theanine on Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Mice |
Drug-induced kidney injury |
The protective powers of L-theanine against drug-induced kidney damage |
Mental illness |
The effects of L-theanine supplementation on the outcomes of patients with mental disorders: a systematic review |
Intestinal barrier |
Effect of bioactive compounds in processed Camellia sinensis tea on the intestinal barrier |
Cardiovascular disease |
Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women |
Gut protection |
L-Theanine Mitigates Acute Alcoholic Intestinal Injury by Activating the HIF-1 Signaling Pathway to Regulate the TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α Axis in Mice |
Sleep quality |
The effects of L-theanine consumption on sleep outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
Atopic dermatitis |
Effect of L-theanine in the prevention of 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene induced atopic dermatitis: A study in BALB/c mice model |
Cognitive function Psychomotor function |
Comparison of the effects of two amino acids, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and L-theanine, on sedation, anxiety, and cognition in preoperative surgical patients - A randomized controlled study |
Threonine |
Sarcopenia |
Associations of nutritional intake and inflammatory factors with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study |
Tryptophan |
Fibromyalgia |
Effects of Tryptophan and Physical Exercise on the Modulation of Mechanical Hypersensitivity in a Fibromyalgia-like Model in Female Rats |
Gut protection |
Tryptophan Metabolites Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Interleukin-22 Pathway in Murine Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Pouchitis |
Bone density |
Association Between Dietary Tryptophan Intake and Bone Health: A Cross-Sectional Study |
Metabolic syndrome |
Tryptophan Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome by Inhibiting Intestinal Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Crosstalk |
Sleep improvement |
Mulberry leaf extract combined with tryptophan improves sleep and post wake mood in adults with sleep complaints - A randomized cross-over study |
Tyrosine |
Alzheimer's disease |
Associations of dietary protein and amino acid intakes with disability-adjusted life years for Alzheimer's disease in Japanese people |
Military performance in cold conditions |
Exploring the role of nutritional strategies to influence physiological and cognitive mechanisms in cold weather operations in military personnel |
α-Aminobutyric Acid (α-ABA) |
Obesity |
Alpha-aminobutyric acid administration suppressed visceral obesity and modulated hepatic oxidized PUFA metabolism via gut microbiota modulation |
Metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease |
Alpha-aminobutyric Acid Ameliorates Diet-induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Progression in Mice via Enhancing AMPK/SIRT1 Pathway and Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis |
Other |
Perioperative physical function |
Amino Acid Supplementation May Help Prevent Muscle Wasting After Orthopedic Surgery, but Additional Studies Are Warranted: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials |